The Belarus station opened to 1870 (or as then it named Smolensk station) became the second, in the sizes, station of Moscow (after Nikolaev). Trains (on a new branch line) in a direction of Minsk and Warsaw through Smolensk From here went.
For all history of existence the Belarus station has replaced some names and has undergone some large reconstruction. The leapfrog with station names has come to the end in May, 1936 when after next reorganisation of railways, the station has received the present name — Belarus.
In second half of 60th years of a XIX-th century from the Tver outpost in the west of Moscow the lining of the railway which conducted to Smolensk, and from it to Brest and then to Warsaw has begun. The road was called as Moscow-Smolensk.
For a way lining "the Sovereign the Emperor has permitted researches of district to the Smolensk zemstvo to spend into the account". The Smolensk industrialists interested in connection with Moscow, willingly gave money for the future railway, Muscovites too understood its advantage. In April, 1867 the Moscow Municipal duma has made decision to concede to the railway "free of charge sites city пустопорожней the earths which can be necessary for it under the Moscow station and under the road, as in city boundaries, and in general in city possession...".
On April, 23rd, 1868 emperor Alexander II has allowed "to start works on the prospective railway from Smolensk to Moscow and to confirm in a general view a direction of this road". It was necessary to find a place for station and station. As the most convenient have considered district at the Tver outpost: it was close enough to a city, allowed to clear from new road a connecting branch with the Nikolaev railway. Besides the choice has been dictated also by economic reasons: the most part of the earths intended under station and ways, did not bring to a city any income so city costs on alienation of the private earths and a pulling down of constructions have made all 50 thousand roubles. The new railway passed, the truth, through a place of horse races. However the governor general prince V.A.Dolgorukov though itself also was the president "Imperial Moscow Race society", could not comply the request of horse-selectors about assistance rendering, "that a line of the marked road to reject from hippodromes, on how many it will appear possible".
General prince V.A.Dolgorukov:
Building of station to which have entitled Smolensk, has begun in the end of April, 1869 Responsible for erection of buildings and all constructions, according to the contract, there was a large businessman, the owner of brick-works councillor of state Nemchinov. (Of it reminds today the name of station Nemchinovka arranged at the desire of brothers of Nemchinovyh, based in suburb of Moscow a housing estate.). The single-line Moscow-Smolensk railway was under construction simultaneously of Smolensk and from Moscow. On August, 9th, 1870 from Smolensk to Gzhatsk (nowadays Gagarin) have passed the first working trains. On the Moscow site the way to station Borodino was already ready, and rails hastily kept within to Gzhatsk: the commission on line acceptance on August, 25th was expected. On road the rolling stock ordered in Europe began to arrive.
Solemn opening of the Moscow-Smolensk railway has taken place on September, 19th, 1870. About new station - a pole under the account and the second (after Nikolaev) in the sizes in Moscow - the press wrote: "the Station represents beautiful enough building. With movement opening on Smolensk road all district adjoining to the Tver outpost and four Jamsky streets, will strongly quicken: already now the prices for houses and пустопорожние the earths here have towered considerably enough". "The Smolensk" station carried the name till November, 1871 the Railway has been prolonged from Smolensk to Brest, and the line Moscow - Brest became the most extended in the country (1100 km). The station in Moscow began to be called as Brest.
In the spring of 1896 in connection with Nikolay II forthcoming crowning it was entrusted to known architect Lvu Kekushevu to construct urgently for a meeting of an imperial family at the Brest station Imperial pavilion. To the beginning of May in the right part of station there was a wooden tower. Inside this building executed in pseudo-Russian style, admired with rich furniture. In the means allocated for building, the lack was not. Walls and ceilings of Imperial pavilion have been upholstered by a tic of steel colour, friezes and a ceiling decorated gilt ornaments, the furniture has been delivered the French. The tower shared on three parts: in the centre there was a reception; and on each side - the covered glazed galleries behind which the following - covered, but without glass - galleries went to the platform. The porch was crowned with the relief State Emblem. Nearby there was a flagstaff on which on May, 6th, 1896 at the moment of arrival of an imperial train has been lifted imperial штандарт. The exit from pavilion on the station area dimmed a velvet carpet. The imperial pavilion long served for grand welcomes of notable persons. Have disassembled it only in 1908 during building of a modern station building.
In process of growth of passenger transportations the Brest station became close. In the early nineties of the nineteenth century the railway became two-acceptable, and the departure platform was one. Station premises, especially the third class, too could not contain in themselves passengers even one train. The chief of road D.A. Kriger, since 1898, repeatedly addressed in Ministry of Railways with the request to allocate money for updating and station expansion (since June, 1st, 1896 the road became state). But to start reconstruction it was possible only in 1907.
Architect I.Strukov became the author of the project of new Brest station. The building consisted of two cases converging at an obtuse angle. The angular part - at that time one-storeyed - intended under imperial rooms and has received the name "Imperial corner". Active participation in building the new chief of road, the military engineer, the general F. accepted Metz. To spring of 1910, the right wing of a building was ready. At station there were four landing platforms. Extreme, Imperial, was simultaneously and transfer - through a connecting branch with the Nikolaev highway. Station first stage have solemnly opened on May, 25th, 1910 And ceremony of consecration of the left wing has taken place almost in 2 years - on February, 26th, 1912
To spring of 1910, the right wing of a building was ready. At station there were four landing platforms. Extreme, Imperial, was simultaneously and transfer - through a connecting branch with the Nikolaev highway. Station first stage have solemnly opened on May, 25th, 1910 And ceremony of consecration of the left wing has taken place almost in 2 years - on February, 26th, 1912 The new station was beautiful and spacious, its area in 3 times exceeded the area of former station. Reconstruction has managed to treasury almost in one million roubles, however money have been spent not in vain. General admiration was caused also by architectural shape of a building, both furnish of interiors, and the newest technical equipment of telegraph and ticket offices where for the first time in Moscow the devices printing railway tickets have been established. And the press especially underlined that, "all building have executed from iron and concrete and it is safe in the fire relation".
Constructed in style of neoclassicism with elements of a false gothic style and an empire style the station has turned out, really, very expressive. The building facade was decorated by cartouches in the form of boards with railway emblems. Over inputs in waiting rooms four graceful turrets with flagstaffs towered. In a year of opening of new Brest station Russia celebrated century of war with Napoleon. In this connection "on всеподданнейшему to the report of Mr. of the Minister of Railways (S.V.Ruhlova) of the Highest Its Imperial Majesty the pleasure on renaming of the Moscow-Brest railway in Aleksandrovsky" on May, 4th, 1912 has followed. From now on the station has received the name Aleksandrovsky, and steam locomotives and cars began to decorate volume Alexander's monogram. Later because of dearness of their steel simply to draw on rolling stock walls.
In August, 1922 Aleksandrovsky and Moscow-Baltic roads have been united in Moscow-Belarus-Baltic, and the station has been renamed in Belarus-Baltic. And since May, 1936 - after next reorganisation of railways - the station has received the present name - Belarus. Under this name it has entered and into WWII history as station from which echelons left on front for the sake of the Great Victory. The Belarus station was some times reconstructed. But thanks to skilful and careful reconstruction we and can admire today a majestic facade of a building, its stucco mouldings and an ornament, kept the original form. But the Belarus station is not only a monument of domestic architecture, and, first of all, the modern station complex answering to the world standards.
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